Factors Associated with the Development and Remission of Allergic Diseases in an Epidemiological Survey of High School Students in Japan

Abstract

Background Allergic diseases are an important health problem for children and adults. It is important to know how allergic diseases develop and remit from infancy to adolescence. Early intervention is effective in treating allergic diseases. Objective We performed a large-scale questionnaire survey of high school students in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, and analyzed the factors associated with the development and remission of allergic diseases. Methods A total of 21,802 students participated in the epidemiologic survey, and the valid response rate was 89.3% (19,461). We applied an inverse probability weighting method with propensity scores. Results The present prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) was 19.2%. The remission rate of AR was 15.3%. Only children and firstborns had a significantly higher risk of developing symptoms of allergic diseases [only child: AR, 1.37; bronchial asthma (BA), 1.30; food allergy (FA), 1.33 and firstborn: AR, 1.38; BA, 1.10]. Constipation was an associated factor for development of atopic dermatitis (AD) (1.17) and AR (1.17), regular intake of lactic acid bacteria was not an associated factor for development of allergic diseases but was a factor for remission of AD (1.22). Hypohidrosis was an associated factor for development of AD (1.25). High academic performance was an associated factor for development of AR (1.20) but was a negative factor for development of BA (0.89). The values in parentheses are significant adjusted odds ratios. Conclusion This epidemiologic survey showed that the hygiene hypothesis and intestinal bacterial flora might influence the development of symptoms and remission of allergic diseases.