Effects of IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β on Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Nasal Ciliated Epithelial Cells in Vitro

Abstract

Previous reports suggested that several cytokines may influence the ciliary beat of the airway ciliated epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal ciliated epithelial cells. CBF of cultured human nasal ciliated epithelial cells was measured 24 hours after incubating with concentrations of 0.01 ng/mL, 0.1 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL of each recombinant human (rh) cytokine including rhIL-1β, rhTNF-α, and rhTGF-β. CBF was measured with time at concentrations of 1 ng/mL of rhIL-1β, 10 ng/mL of TNF-α, and 1 ng/mL of TGF-β solutions. CBF of the human nasal ciliated epithelial cells increased after addition of rhIL-1β and rhTNF-α. Maximum CBF was observed at 1 ng/mL of rhIL-1β and at 10 ng/mL of rhTNF-α. CBF increased progressively to 4 hours after addition of rhIL-1β and rhTNF-α. Increased CBF sustained for 24 hours and decreased by 2 days. However, no variation of CBF was observed after addition of rhTGF-β, regardless of concentrations and time. The results of this study suggest that during acute inflammation, IL-1β and TNF-α may have a potential role in defense mechanism of human nasal epithelium by regulating CBF of the nasal ciliated epithelial cells.