Occupational Risk Factors for Rhinitis in Greenhouse Flower and Ornamental Plant Growers

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between rhinitis, exposure to workplace air contaminants, and occupational characteristics in greenhouse flower and ornamental plant (OP) growers. Methods A random sample of growers cultivating such crops and participating in the European Farmers’ Study was selected for a cross-sectional assessment of (1) rhinitis in the last year, (2) sensitization to workplace allergens, and (3) occupation characteristics. Associations between variables were assessed through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Thirty-nine greenhouse flower and OP growers participated in the study (mean, 48.6; SD, 10.2 years; 35 men). Rhinitis was reported by 12 (31%) of them and was significantly related to sensitization to workplace allergens (odds ratio [OR], 13.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.59–67.23) and pesticide application by hand pump (OR, 12.50; 95% CI, 2.00–78.05). After adjustment for these variables rhinitis emerged as significantly related to number of hours worked inside the greenhouse per day (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05–3.23). Conclusion Rhinitis is often reported by greenhouse flower and OP growers and is related to sensitization to workplace allergens and pesticide application by hand pump. The disease shows a dose–response relationship with the number of hours spent inside the greenhouse per day, a finding supporting a causal link with greenhouse exposure.