Affiliation:
1. Bradford Teaching Hospitals, Bradford, UK
2. Leeds and Bradford Teaching Hospitals, Bradford, UK
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition belonging to the spondyloarthropathy category of rheumatic diseases. It typically affects the axial skeleton but may also present with peripheral arthritis and extra-articular features. Ankylosing spondylitis tends to occur in patients under the age of 45 years, has a higher incidence in males, and can lead to disability and reduced quality of life if not adequately treated. Management consists of a multidisciplinary team approach. Although traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are less effective for the axial component of this disease, biologic therapies do seem effective. In severe cases, surgery may be warranted.
Reference38 articles.
1. Feldtkeller E et al. Ankylosing spondylitis in the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. Rheumatol Int. 2003;23(1):1-5.
2. Ryall N, Helliwell P. A Critical review of ankylosing spondylitis. Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med. 1998;10(3):265-301.
3. Taurog JD et al. Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis.
4. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(26):2563-74.
5. Martín-Mola E et al. Sustained efficacy and safety, including patient-reported outcomes, with etanercept treatment over 5 years in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010; 28(2):238-45.
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献