Personalising Exercise and Nutrition Behaviours in Diabetes Lifestyle Prevention

Abstract

The alarming increase in global diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is affecting diverse populations and leading to consequent burdens of morbidities, mortalities, and healthcare costs. Physical activity and nutritional approaches form the cornerstones of lifestyle T2DM prevention. Advances in understanding an individual's behaviour and biological responses to different exercise conditions are concurrent with new personalised exercise and nutritional and behavioural tools effective for preventing T2DM and associated chronic diseases. Targeted exercise and nutrition interventions can be personalised across diverse population groups and different settings. Such approaches can benefit from evolving technologies embedding genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, together with behavioural reduction strategies such as addressing sedentary behaviour. This narrative review focusses on describing personalised lifestyle prevention approaches, which address different population needs and environmental settings. These methods can be better directed towards translating T2DM interventions and laboratory trials into sustainable, healthy behaviours, and help form personalised lifestyle T2DM prevention guidelines.