Hepatitis B Care Pathway in the United Arab Emirates: Current Situation, Gaps, and Actions

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a worldwide public health problem. The last major review of the epidemiology and management of HBV in the Middle East was published in 2011. This paper aims to assess the current situation of the HBV care pathway in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), identify gaps in our knowledge and barriers therein, and recommend initiatives to be taken to improve the management of such patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed as well as through free internet searches. Interviews and group discussions were held with key opinion leaders and HBV experts. Results: The national prevalence of HBV is estimated to be approximately 1.0–1.5%; however, prevalence is expected to be higher in those >25 years of age born before the introduction of the HBV vaccination programme. There is limited data on the burden of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in the country. Discussion: Awareness of various aspects of the disease is perceived to be low among the general population and medium among healthcare providers. There are several mandated national screening structures present; however, there are no country-specific HBV guidelines regarding diagnosis, linkage-to-care, treatment, and follow-up. Improvements have been made in the past 30 years in the UAE, evident through a decline in prevalence. The burden attributable to HBV complication and the coverage of screening and treatment remain unclear. Conclusion: Key stakeholders in all areas of the HBV care pathway must reduce morbidity and mortality in the UAE population, and interventions should be supported by research.