Blood groups and acute respiratory viral infection COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction. Polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids, which determine the group-specifi c properties of human blood, are both structural elements of the whole organism and determine its predisposition to certain somatic and infectious diseases. Thus, the blood group of an individual can be used among other markers and/or prognostic factors of the occurrence and course of certain groups of diseases.Aim — analysis of literature sources characterizing the relationship of blood groups with COVID-19 ARVI, as well as the mechanisms underlying this relationship.Main findings. The Oaß(I) phenotype ensures an individual’s resistance to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and allows for a relatively mild course of the disease. The Aß (II) phenotype is a risk factor for the development of COVID-19 ARVI, in its severe course, the occurrence of complications and increased mortality. An additional component of protection in the form of a negative Rh-affi liation of the infected person is not excluded. The protective properties of the Oaß(I) phenotype are associated with the absence of polysaccharide A in an individual and the presence of anti-A antibodies. The increased risk of COVID-19 ARVI among Aß (II) individuals is due to the large polymorphism of polysaccharide A in the environment and the lack of natural immunity to other forms of polysaccharide A in this group.