Rotavirus infection in children: clinical and etiological structure and analysis of vaccine prophylaxis

Abstract

Among all hospitalizations of children with acute enteral infection (AEI), 20 to 60% are associated with rotavirus infection (RVI). The high intensity of the spread of the epidemic process and mortality from RVI indicates to the need for vaccination. Aim: to assess the state of vaccination and study the clinical and etiological structure of RVI in children in-patients in the city of Krasnodar. Materials and methods. There was performed the single-stage retrospective analysis of 505 case histories of acute AEI 0– 18 years children (boys/girls: 267/238) admitted to the Children’s City Clinical Hospital in Krasnodar (2020). The state of vaccination (2013–2020) was studied on the base of the vaccination center in the Children’s City Clinical Hospital in Krasnodar. Results. The number of immunized 6552 increased from 10 (2013) to 1460 (2020). Vaccination coverage in 2020 was 5.9% of the target cohort. Less than 1% of adverse events after immunization have been reported. In the AEI structure, 140 cases of RVI (27.7%) were registered: mono-RVI 50 (35.7%), mixed-RVI 90 (64.3%). Mixed-RVI included noro-RVI (67.9% cases), noro-adeno-RVI (17.8%), adeno-RVI (3.3%), salmonella-noro-RVI (3.3%), salmonella-RVI, salmonella-noro-adeno-RVI, campylobacteria-noro-RVI (2.2%) and escherichio-RVI (1.1%). The age structure of the Republic of Ingushetia was dominated by children under 1 year — 59.3%, 1–3 years old — 21.4%, 4–6 years old — 7.2%, 7–18 years old — 12.1%. Mono-RVI occurred in the form of gastroenteritis in moderate (78%) and severe (22%) forms with varying degrees of dehydration (stage I — 74%, stage II — 4%, stage III — 22%). Mixed RVI occurred in the form of gastroenteritis 80 (88.9%) and enterocolitis 10 (11.1%) in moderate (81%) and severe (19%) forms with stage I exsicosis (63%), II Art. (18%), III Art. (19%). Among all hospitalized children, none were as vaccinated against RVI. Conclusion. The high intensity of the spread of the epidemic process in RVI indicates the need for vaccination.