Methods and Techniques for More Participatory and Emancipatory Management: A Systematic Review of Possibilities

Abstract

Research objective: The objective of this article is to identify and describe methods and techniques that can contribute to more participatory and emancipatory management.   Theoretical framework: According to Fadul and Afonso (2018), participatory methodologies have an emancipatory potential, from the moment they strengthen the capacity of subjects to assist in decision-making that permeates their social spaces. They contribute to the process of listening to the needs of individuals, promoting actions to promote and defend rights.   Method: A literature search was carried out to map participatory methodologies, using a systematic review approach, to better outline the search and selection of studies. The systematic review uses explicit and rigorous methods for reviewing work and synthesizing knowledge, based on prior planning and protocols.   Results and discussion: The review employed identified several participatory methodologies, at an international level, which can be subdivided into methods and techniques. The method has a more comprehensive and complete character, and encompasses a set of specific operational procedures (techniques). They have greater flexibility and can compose and adapt to different methods. For example, the “photo-identification” and “enter and exit” techniques aim to understand how communities organize themselves and can form part of the Participatory Rapid Diagnosis (DRP) method.   Theoretical contributions: The repertoire of methodologies presented theoretically enriches the understanding of participatory management and offers a basis for the effective application of these options in practice, which highlights the growing relevance of a more collaborative and inclusive approach. Although aimed at different contexts, the methodologies express common characteristics, such as the formation of interdisciplinary teams to guide work, constant discussions, common objectives, sense of responsibility, promotion of autonomy. These are characteristics that come close to the core of social management.   Originality: Based on a systematic review, this article will address scientific production on participatory methodologies, at an international level, based on results found in various databases.