Contaminant and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract

Purpose: Water is an important fundamental resource to support human, animal and plant life. Global reports highlight widespread contamination of water sources due to various human activities. The high level of anthropogenic activity in the Lake Maninjau area, both in agriculture, animal husbandry and settlements, has an impact on decreasing the quality of the lake as indicated by the quality of the sediment and lake water. The research aims to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in sediments and heavy metal processing strategies.   Theoretical Framework:  Lake Maninjau is one of the lakes in Indonesia that experiences pollution. Recently, this lake has become one of the priority lakes to reduce high levels of pollution (Ministry of the Environment, 2011). The source of Lake Maninjau pollution comes from floating net cages, agriculture, settlements and livestock. This is shown by the accumulation of heavy metals in waters and sediments which is important information for the survival of fish, humans, plants, microorganisms and other aquatic ecosystems (Wibowo et al. , 2022a).   Method: The five distinct sample locations were chosen to represent various activities within the Maninjau Lake region, as outlined in Figure 1 and Table 1. Sediment was taken at the surface at a depth of 0-10 cm. samples were processed and analyzed at the P3IN soil science laboratory, Andalas University, as well as assessing sediment quality through Geoaccumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollutant load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), and potential ecological risk (PER) in five location of Lake Maninjau.   Results and Discussion: The results of the research showed that Cu concentrations varied from 0.195 mg/kg to 0.290 mg/kg, with a moderate average of 0.246 mg/kg. Pb metal ranges between 0.325 mg/kg-0.412 mg/kg, with an average of 0.356 mg/kg. Cd metal 0.301 mg/kg- 0.365 mg/kg. The Igeo values for the metals Cr, Cd, Pb, and Cu at the five locations show Igeo < 0, meaning they are not contaminated with heavy metals. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (PER) ranges from 14.8303-19.0094, which shows the low potential ecological risk related to heavy metal pollution   Research Implications: It is hoped that this research can help stakeholders in managing the Maninjau Lake ecosystem against potential heavy metal contamination that threatens the lake ecosystem   Originality/Value: The use of combination or hybrid technologies to treat heavy metals from wastewater is an effective solution, but it is important to carefully consider and mitigate potential negative impacts on the environment and human health.