Authenticity and Dependability of The Volleyball Serve Precision Examination

Abstract

Background: Assessing the precision of a volleyball overhead serve is essential for understanding players' skill levels and development. Existing methods may lack consistency and perceptiveness, warranting further investigation into a more reliable assessment tool. Objectives: This study aimed to scrutinize the substance, facade, perceptiveness, and consistency of a volleyball overhead serve for precision assessment. Specifically, it sought to evaluate the validity and reliability of the assessment tool across different skill levels, ranging from novice to experienced players.   Method: To achieve these objectives, a multi-faceted approach was employed. Fifty-five volleyball mentors, instructors, and athletes participated in the facade validity examination, while six academic experts assessed the substance validity. Additionally, thirty-eight university students, comprising both seasoned and inexperienced players, were involved to gauge the test's capability to differentiate between performance tiers. Perceptiveness was evaluated by comparing disparities in service precision across skill levels using the t-test for independent samples. A hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted using the Euclidean quadratic distance metric and the among-groups linkage method. Furthermore, the consistency of repeated testing was analyzed using standard error and intraclass correlation coefficients.   Result: The study yielded promising results regarding the validity, reliability, and perceptiveness of the volleyball overhead serve precision assessment. Facade validity demonstrated high agreement among participants, with consensus ranging from 81% to 88%. The test's substance validity and reliability were strong, as shown by good results in the evaluations by academic experts and high intraclass correlation coefficients for repeated testing (ICC = 0.85 for experienced participants and ICC = 0.82 for novices). Significant differences in performance were observed between experienced and novice players, further affirming the tool's ability to differentiate skill levels effectively.   Conclusion: The volleyball serves precision assessment emerged as a reliable and valid tool for evaluating players' performance across different skill levels. Its ability to discern skill nuances and provide consistent results makes it suitable for educational contexts, particularly in assessing novice players' development and guiding instructional strategies. This study emphasizes the importance of rigorous assessment methods in improving volleyball skills comprehension and advancement.