Intersection Between Spirituality and Neuroscience: Biological Bases of Transcendental Experiences

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between religion, spirituality and neuroscience, with a focus on understanding the biological bases of religious experiences. The study aims to analyze how different spiritual practices affect the human brain, identify the brain regions involved, and examine the impact of these practices on mental health and emotional well-being. Furthermore, we seek to discuss the ethical implications of including religious themes in medical and psychological practice.   Method: The study uses a qualitative literature review approach in English and Portuguese, based on national and international sources. Scientific articles, case studies and research related to the neuroscience of religion and spirituality were analyzed. The data was collected and organized to identify the biological foundations of spiritual experiences, the social and psychological implications, as well as the ethical issues associated with this theme.   Results and conclusion: The results indicate that different spiritual practices activate several brain areas, including the frontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum, associated with rewards, emotions, moral reasoning and concentration. The mystical mind is considered an innate capacity of the human brain, enabling transcendental experiences in all cultures. Furthermore, the frequent practice of spirituality can lead to profound brain changes, favoring discernment, empathy and better decisions. Religiosity and spirituality have a positive impact on mental health, helping to cope with anxiety, fears and promoting emotional well-being.   Research implications: This study has significant implications in the area of mental health and clinical practice, highlighting the importance of considering patients' spirituality and religiosity as an integral part of their emotional health. Furthermore, the research paves the way for a greater understanding of the biological bases of religious and spiritual experiences, which may have applications in clinical treatments and the promotion of psychological well-being. The ethical implications raised are also relevant for healthcare professionals, who must approach these issues with sensitivity and respect, avoiding the imposition of personal values. On a broader scale, research contributes to intercultural understanding and peaceful coexistence between different religious groups, promoting tolerance and mutual respect.