Applications of Actinomycete Genera in the Biodegradation of Environmental Contaminants

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to elucidate the applications of actinomycete genera in the bioremediation of environmental contaminants.   Theoretical Framework: The fundamental concepts of bioremediation and the roles of actinomycetes in this process are presented. The genera Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, and Gordonia are highlighted as significant agents in the degradation of various contaminants.   Method: A bibliographic study was conducted in which 20 articles were reviewed, obtained from the digital platforms Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The selection criteria encompassed works published in Portuguese and English between 2004 and May 2023. The descriptors used included "bioremediation," "actinomycetes," "contaminants," and "biotechnology," and rejection factors included works addressing bioremediation using fungi, archaea, and bacteria belonging to other phyla.   Results and Discussion: Through this bibliographic survey, it can be observed that bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, and Gordonia are widely used in the bioremediation of various contaminants. They exhibit multiple mechanisms for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, plasticizers, and heavy metals, as well as demonstrating resistance to various toxic molecules.   Research Implications: Contribution to advancing knowledge on environmental bioremediation, particularly through the effective application of actinomycetes in the recovery of environments contaminated with toxic chemicals.   Originality/Value: This study highlights the relevance of actinomycetes in bioremediation, providing a valuable perspective on their potential for ecologically cleaning contaminated environments from pollutant residues, as well as presenting a comprehensive and up-to-date literature review on the subject.