Comparative Analysis of Aerodynamic Efficiency in Small-Diameter Wind Turbine Blades: NACA 4412 vs. Clark Y

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficiency of the Naca 4412 and Clark Y airfoil profiles for small-diameter wind turbines using Solidworks® modeling, 3D printing, wind tunnel testing, and computational simulation. The hypothesis posits that the Naca 4412 will be more efficient.   Theoretical Framework: Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy, with the rotor being responsible for converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which is subsequently converted into electrical energy by the generator. Studies highlight the importance of optimizing the aerodynamics of the blades to maximize efficiency.   Method: The Naca 4412 and Clark Y profiles were modeled in Solidworks® and 3D printed using high-quality ABS. The blades were tested in Armfield C15-10 and Edibon EEEC wind tunnels, measuring lift and drag forces at different angles of attack (30º to 70º) and varying wind speeds to achieve different Reynolds numbers.   Results and Discussion: The Naca 4412 profile exhibited higher lift and drag compared to the Clark Y. At angles of 50º and 60º, both profiles showed greater efficiency, with the Naca 4412 achieving higher maximum angular velocity (357.93 RPM at 50º, 510.91 RPM at 60º). The performance difference can be attributed to the twist of the Naca 4412 and turbulence effects at low speeds.   Research Implications: The results provide insights for the development of more efficient wind turbines, particularly in urban contexts where small wind turbines are used.   Originality/Value: This study contributes by experimentally comparing two widely used airfoil profiles, offering valuable data for the optimization of small wind turbine blades.