Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Three Wild Isaño Genotypes (T. Tuberosum SSP. Silvestre Sparre)

Abstract

Objective: To determine the chemical composition of three genotypes of wild isaño, identify bioactive components and antioxidant capacity.   Theoretical Framework: The theoretical approach focuses on exploring the nutritional and medicinal properties of T. tuberosum ssp. Silvestre Sparre (Wild Isaño), an annual herbaceous plant that grows in the Andes of South America. It has different culinary and medicinal applications. The high nutrient content such as proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and bioactive compounds in T. tuberosum ssp. are related to health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer properties. The presence of phenolic compounds is linked to healing and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential use in modern medicine as a natural alternative.   Methodology: AOAC methods (proximate analysis), UV/V spectrophotometry (iron, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity) and high-performance liquid chromatography (vitamin A and C, amino acids, tannins) were used.   Results: The three wild isaño genotypes contained significant amounts of protein (7.14 ± 0.02 to 9.15 ± 0.02 g/100g DW), fiber (5.53 ± 0.15 to 6.42 ± 0.02 g/100g DW), minerals (calcium 34.77 ± 0.03 to 45.14 ± 0.03 mg/100g DW, phosphorus 134.63 ± 0.03 to 164.22 ± 0. 03 mg/100g DW, iron 7.26 ± 0.06 to 7.47 ± 0.15 mg/100g DW, potassium 1695.55 ± 0.04 to 1797.52 ± 0.05 mg/100g DW), vitamins, amino acids (14 amino acids) and bioactive components such as total phenolics, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity. There are significant differences in bioactive components between genotypes of wild isaño. The wild purple genotype contains high content of total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity.