Development of Lead Crystal Glasses Using Ornamental Stone Waste

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this work was to develop and characterize lead crystal glasses from the use of silicate wastes from ornamental stones.   Theoretical framework: Glass consumption has shown considerable growth for the economy. It is predominantly used for windows and facades in modern buildings, for many practical reasons, including thermal, energy, lighting and aesthetics. The state of Espírito Santo is one of the largest producers and exporters of ornamental stones in the country. This sector is responsible for generating a large amount of waste around the world. This waste is deposited daily in ornamental stone landfills and is rich in oxides that can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of glass. Brazil generates around 2.5 million tons of fine waste per year, with the state of Espírito Santo responsible for 2 million tons.   Method/design/approach: The methodology used was melting/cooling using alumina crucibles. The maximum process temperature was 1500°C with a time of 3 hours. Glass was developed using granite and quartzite residue. After melting/cooling, the glasses were cooled by the inertia of the oven and unmolded for characterization.   Results and conclusion: The results showed that the glasses developed with waste showed characteristics similar to commercial glasses of the same type. X-ray diffractions (XRD) showed complete vitrification of the glasses produced. There is technical feasibility for developing glass using ornamental stone waste.   Research implications: Enable initiatives that aim to develop glass using ornamental stone waste, with the aim of promoting a significant reduction in effects on the environment without compromising the sector's production pace.   Originality/value: Develop lead glass, of the crystal type, and certify its technological feasibility by comparing the results obtained with commercial lead crystal glass.