Affiliation:
1. University of Southern California
2. Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
Abstract
Fairness in data-driven decision-making studies scenarios where individuals from certain population segments may be unfairly treated when being considered for loan or job applications, access to public resources, or other types of services. In location-based applications, decisions are based on individual whereabouts, which often correlate with sensitive attributes such as race, income, and education.
While fairness has received significant attention recently, e.g., in machine learning, there is little focus on achieving fairness when dealing with location data. Due to their characteristics and specific type of processing algorithms, location data pose important fairness challenges. We introduce the concept of
spatial data fairness
to address the specific challenges of location data and spatial queries. We devise a novel building block to achieve fairness in the form of
fair polynomials.
Next, we propose two mechanisms based on fair polynomials that achieve individual spatial fairness, corresponding to two common location-based decision-making types:
distance-based
and
zone-based.
Extensive experimental results on real data show that the proposed mechanisms achieve spatial fairness without sacrificing utility.
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Water Science and Technology,Geography, Planning and Development
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