A SHORT HISTORY OF PANDEMICS

Abstract

Humanity is constantly being exposed to numerous infectious agents, and proof exists since ancient times. Various viruses, bacteria, fungus or parasites affect all living species and may cause sickness, by triggering reactions of the host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce. Following a process of natural selection, humans have adapted by active infection and developed natural immunity which, in some cases, may be transmitted from breast milk as passive immunity. Pandemics are defined as the rapid spread of an infectious disease over a wide region, several continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of humans in a short period of time. The first attempts to fight pandemics were represented by empirical treatments; nowadays, technology and science are our closest allies, with vaccines, modern medication and proper follow-up. Still, the lack of education, a potential distrust in science and beliefs in superstitions of their peers remains the most difficult obstacle to overcome in the fight against pandemics. It is certain that other pandemics will come again, and humanity must always be prepared to fight them, therefore it is very important to invest in science and education, in order to emerge victorious in the following battles.