Agricultural Factors as the Root Cause of Rural Migration from a Global Perspective

Abstract

Migration from rural to urban is a common phenomenon of the world and especially the developing countries. There are a number of reasons that lead to this migration. The reasons are due to both rural and urban. But, sourced from rural on the root causes of this migration are more pronounced. By 2050, over half of the population in the least developed countries will still live in rural areas. Three-quarters of the extreme poor base their livelihoods on agriculture or other rural activities. According to The World Bank data, the rate of the rural population in the world was approximately 66% in the 1960s, while this rate decreased to 44% in 2019. In the same report, it was determined that the rural population in the world increased from 2 012 billion in the 1960s to 3 397 billion in 2019. As a result, it can be said that although the rate of the rural population in the world decreases, it is a fact that it has a significant population in total. In short, the phenomenon of rural migration will continue to be important in the world and will be the determinant of future economic and social policies. Based on this fact, this study aims to emphasize the importance of rural migration and to emphasize agriculture and rural development as the root cause of this type of migration.