A Case of Hypertensive Retinopathy With Papilledema Manifested as Blurry Vision, Headache, and Dizziness in a Patient With a Recent Diagnosis of Peritoneal Tuberculosis

Abstract

Hypertension poses significant risks to various organ systems, including the eyes, leading to target-organ damage known as hypertensive retinopathy (HR). This case report explores the case of a 60-year-old male presenting with blurred vision, headache, and dizziness, ultimately diagnosed with grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. The patient had a complex medical history including hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and peritoneal tuberculosis, with recent initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Differential diagnoses encompassed various ocular and systemic conditions, highlighting the importance of a thorough evaluation. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral papilledema and flame hemorrhages consistent with hypertensive retinopathy. Management involved meticulous blood pressure control and ophthalmological referral. Collaboration between healthcare providers facilitated comprehensive care. Following treatment, the patient's blood pressure improved, necessitating adjustments in antihypertensive medications. This case underscores the critical role of recognizing ocular manifestations in hypertensive patients and the need for interdisciplinary management to mitigate systemic morbidity and mortality. Ongoing research is crucial to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for hypertensive retinopathy, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.