Comparison of Lateral Cephalograms with Photographs for Assessing Anterior Malar Prominence in Maharashtrian Population

Abstract

Midface is an important part of the face which is most concerned about aesthetics. With increase in malar prominence, the mid face becomes more angular. With the maxillary hypoplasia which tends to have hollow midface results in more prominent sclera inferior to pupil. Orthodontists want to enhance the beauty of the face by diagnosing and treating not only the oral structure but also the facial profile. This study aims at comparing cephalometric analysis with visual classification of anterior malar projection using vectors. The method used is to compare profile image for anterior malar projection with lateral cephalogram. People aged 18-25 with no orthodontics treatment history, craniofacial disorders or trauma were selected for the study. These people were then divided into 2 groups based on vector classification i.e. positive vector (Group A) and negative vector (Group B). Vectors were drawn on profile photos using scale and facade software was used to calculate SNO (Sella-Nasion-Orbitale) angle. Lateral cephalogram was then compared and statistically analysed with the malar projection from the profile image. No statistical significance was found between genders nor between age and SNO angle. However, SNO angles in positive vector group was larger than those in negative vector group on average with high significance (p<0.001). SNO angle obtained to distinguish between 2 vectors was 56°. This comparison can prove to be a useful mechanism in orthodontics for classifying malar support to the midface.