The Silent Storm: Understanding Hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated pressure within the blood vessels. Defined as blood pressure consistently exceeding 140/90 mmHg, hypertension poses a significant global health threat, affecting hundreds of millions worldwide. The exact cause of hypertension remains complex, a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and lifestyle choices contribute to its development. Age, weight, diet, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity are well established risk factors. Development of Hypertension causes end-organ damage.Early diagnosis through regular BP monitoring is essential. Treatment strategies involve lifestyle modification alongside pharmacological treatment in more severe cases. Untreated or poorly controlled hypertension can lead to a cascade of serious complications, including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure. According to JNC- 8, ACC guidelines pharmacological therapy is very effective in maintaining hypertension. These include ACE-i, ARBs, Diuretics, Calcium channel blockers,and Beta-blockers. The global prevalence of hypertension is alarming, with the number of affected individuals projected to rise further in the coming decades. Addressing this public health crisis requires a multi-pronged approach, focusing on public awareness, early diagnosis, effective treatment, and promoting healthy lifestyle choices. Research efforts should continue to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying hypertension and develop novel therapeutic strategies for improved prevention and management.