Effect of Smoking Dry Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Hookah on Vitamin D3 Levels and Blood Parameter in Samples of Youth from AL-Hawija City, Kirkuk governorate

Abstract

The study aimed to demonstrate the role of smoking on vitamin D3 levels and blood parameters represented by a group of young men who smoke cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and hookah in the city of Hawija, Kirkuk Governorate. The experiment was distributed into four groups, aged between 25 and 30 years, with 25 samples for each group. The first group was non-smokers, the second group was cigarette smokers, the third group was electronic cigarette smokers and the fourth group was hookah smokers. Blood samples were taken in the Hawija laboratories, where the results of the study showedThe results of the study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in vitamin D3 levels in the dry cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and hookah groups compared to the control group, while the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) tests showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the dry cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and hookah groups compared to the control group, while the platelets and white blood cells (WBC) tests showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the dry cigarettes and electronic cigarettes groups compared to the non- smoking control group, while the values of platelets and white blood cells (WBC) did not show any statistically significant differences in the hookah smokers group.