Ocular and Visual Activities-related Complaints among Healthy Smokers: a Cross-sectional Study
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Published:2023-05-19
Issue:24
Volume:8
Page:237-245
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ISSN:2398-4287
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Container-title:Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal
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language:
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Short-container-title:E-BPJ
Author:
Razak Shaz' Ain,Kamarul Zaman Nur Farhana,Noor Azizi Nazmir Azrul,Sulaiman Nur Farah Danisha,Sohal Tejpal
Abstract
Smoking and the harmful compound in smoke has been associated with many deleterious effects on the eye. Yet, the ocular and visual-related complaints that may arise due to physiological changes are inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking behaviour on ocular symptoms. A self-administered questionnaire describing the ocular surface discomfort and visual-related activities was distributed to healthy smokers. Majority of smokers reported severe dry eye symptoms and often complained of glare disability. A comparison of reported symptoms between groups showed older-aged, dual smokers, longer duration of smoking, and current-daily smokers obtained significantly higher scores (p<0.005).
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Water Science and Technology,Geography, Planning and Development
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