Control of Development, Secondary Metabolism and Light-Dependent Carotenoid Biosynthesis by the Velvet Complex of Neurospora crassa

Author:

Bayram Özlem Sarikaya1,Dettmann Anne2,Karahoda Betim1,Moloney Nicola M11,Ormsby Tereza31,McGowan Jamie1,Cea-Sánchez Sara4,Miralles-Durán Alejandro4,Brancini Guilherme T P4,Luque Eva M4,Fitzpatrick David A1,Cánovas David4,Corrochano Luis M4,Doyle Sean1,Selker Eric U3,Seiler Stephan2,Bayram Özgür15

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland

2. Institute for Biology II, Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University 79104 Freiburg, Germany

3. Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403 Oregon

4. Departmento de Genética, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain

5. Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, W23 F2H6, Ireland

Abstract

Abstract Neurospora crassa is an established reference organism to investigate carotene biosynthesis and light regulation. However, there is little evidence of its capacity to produce secondary metabolites. Here, we report the role of the fungal-specific regulatory velvet complexes in development and secondary metabolism (SM) in N. crassa. Three velvet proteins VE-1, VE-2, VOS-1, and a putative methyltransferase LAE-1 show light-independent nucleocytoplasmic localization. Two distinct velvet complexes, a heterotrimeric VE-1/VE-2/LAE-1 and a heterodimeric VE-2/VOS-1 are found in vivo. The heterotrimer-complex, which positively regulates sexual development and represses asexual sporulation, suppresses siderophore coprogen production under iron starvation conditions. The VE-1/VE-2 heterodimer controls carotene production. VE-1 regulates the expression of >15% of the whole genome, comprising mainly regulatory and developmental features. We also studied intergenera functions of the velvet complex through complementation of Aspergillus nidulans veA, velB, laeA, vosA mutants with their N. crassa orthologs ve-1, ve-2, lae-1, and vos-1, respectively. Expression of VE-1 and VE-2 in A. nidulans successfully substitutes the developmental and SM functions of VeA and VelB by forming two functional chimeric velvet complexes in vivo, VelB/VE-1/LaeA and VE-2/VeA/LaeA, respectively. Reciprocally, expression of veA restores the phenotypes of the N. crassa ve-1 mutant. All N. crassa velvet proteins heterologously expressed in A. nidulans are localized to the nuclear fraction independent of light. These data highlight the conservation of the complex formation in N. crassa and A. nidulans. However, they also underline the intergenera similarities and differences of velvet roles according to different life styles, niches and ontogenetic processes.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics

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