Maternal and Foetal Outcome in Pregnancy with Heart Disease Admitted in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar

Abstract

BACKGROUND Heart disease complicating pregnancy is considered as a high-risk condition. Increased cardiac demands during the course of pregnancy potentially increase morbidity and mortality in women with underlying heart disease. Fifty percent increase in volume of plasma and increase in the risk of thrombosis by 6 times strikes a challenge to pregnant woman with heart disease. Pregnancy state is more prone to risk of infection as it is an immunocompromised condition which can result in increased heart rate eventually deteriorating the cardiac function. We wanted to determine maternal and foetal outcome in pregnant women with heart diseases in terms of foetal complications, maternal complications, and mode of delivery. METHODS A prospective clinical study conducted in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar for delivery was carried to find out the maternal and foetal outcomes in about 30 cases of pregnancy complicated heart disease. Taking prevalence to be 4 % (P) with confidence interval of 95 % (Z = 1.96) and allowable error (d) 7 %, sample size was calculated using formula 𝑍 2𝑃𝑄/𝑑2 RESULTS Present study revealed heart disease in pregnancy as about 0.48 %. Rheumatic heart lesions constituted 56.6 % of the cases. Eleven (36.7 %) women delivered spontaneously vaginally at term. Caesarean section was performed in 12 cases (41.2 %). There were 2 maternal deaths. No perinatal deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy and cardiac lesions affect mutually. Compliance of patient and her family to regular follow up will ensure a safe outcome for mother and foetus and avoid complications by regular checkups with obstetrician and cardiologist. KEY WORDS Cardiomyopathy, Pregnancy, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Maternal Morbidity, Maternal Mortality