Risk of Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Increased Gestational Weight Gain – A Study Done at KR Hospital, Mysuru

Abstract

BACKGROUND Most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). High maternal body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are risk factors for developing GDM. Decrease in physical activity, improper diet-plan and high prevalence of obesity will lead to increased risk of GDM. So, this study is planned to assess relationship between GWG and GDM. METHODS Cross sectional case control study was done in K. R. Hospital, Mysuru, from June 2020 to Dec 2020. Study subjects were selected during their visit to the hospital and whose term was between 24 to 28 weeks. 135 controls and 113 cases were selected during the study period. Statistical analysis was done by Prism Pad software. Data expressed as Mean ± SD. Student t test was used to test significance between cases and controls. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In this study, mean age in control group was found to be 21.16 ± 1.50 years and GDM case group was 21.47 ± 1.59 years (p value is 0. 6960). Mean pre- pregnancy BMI in control group was 21. 60 ± 1.07 compared to GDM cases 23.04 ± 1.62 (p value <0.0048). Mean weight gain (kg/week) during first trimester in control group was 0.128 ± 0.028 and GDM cases was 0.22 ± 0.029 (p value <0.001). Mean weight gain per week during second trimester in control group was 0.46 ± 0.024 and in GDM cases was 0. 64 ± 0.066 (p value <0.001) CONCLUSIONS Excessive weight gain with increased BMI during pregnancy is significant in present study which may lead to GDM. Strict diet pattern with proper counselling must be followed during pre-pregnancy period and conception with adequate physical activity required for women to reach recommended weight in order to circumvent GDM and decrease risk of bad maternal-foetal outcomes. KEY WORDS Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, BMI, Physical Activity