1. Osaka Medical College, Faculty of Medicine
2. Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health
3. Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
4. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
5. Nihon Fukushi University, Faculty of Social Welfare
6. Chiba University, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences
7. Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
8. Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences
9. The University of Tokyo, School of Public Health