Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients - An Epidemiological Perspective

Abstract

India has the highest burden of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis in the world. Epidemiology is the study of disease in population. Epidemiology is the study of the frequency, pattern, and distribution of determinants (causes, risks) of health states and conditions (not just disease) in the general population. The data of sputum for tuberculosis during the period from January 2020 to December 2022 in Palghar, Maharashtra is available with the dept. of Microbiology. The, aim of the present study was to analyse the epidemiological perspective of pulmonary tuberculosis in the tribal population of Palghar district, Maharashtra. Out of the total 925 registered cases, 101 (10.92%) were found to be positive and 824 (89.08%) were negative. TB was higher in male population as compared to female population and the recorded ratio of occurrence was 11.54 % (65/563) and 09.94 % (36/362) respectively. The maximum number of TB patients were in the age group 21-30 year. In this present study where 04/5 (80%) HIV‑TB co‑infected individuals were included. It was concluded that TB is a prevailing disease in district Palghar. In the present study it has been observed that TB has severely affected the adults and economically productive age group of districts Palghar. Males are more susceptible to TB than females. Smoking and diabetes were found to be important social factor, significant related to the higher prevalence of disease. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, prevalent causes, mortality, morbidity, multidrug resistant.