Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness of Sungkai Leaf Extract (Peronema Canescens) Against Lung Histopathological Appearance, Polymorphonuclear Cell (PMN) Number, and Macrophages in Inflammatory Model Mice with Covid-19 Vaccine Induction

Abstract

Inflammation of the respiratory tract can occur when the respiratory tract tissue, especially the lungs, is injured, infected with bacteria and viruses, exposed to toxins, or heat. In the case of Covid-19 sufferers, when the virus first enters the body, macrophage cells will respond by producing cytokines to the infected tissue. One type of plant that can be used as an alternative treatment for inflammatory symptoms is the sungkai plant. Flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkaloids and phenols have anti-inflammatory activity. Where the content of secondary metabolites, tannins and flavonoids has activity as an antioxidant so that it can prevent damage due to oxidative stress. This type of research is an experimental laboratory research with a posttest group only design where the test is carried out at the end of the treatment period to see the relationship between the independent variables, namely the administration of sungkai leaf extract at graded doses to the independent variables in the form of pulmonary histopathology, the number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), and mouse macrophage (ratus norvegicus) inflammatory model by induction of covid-19 vaccine. Based on the One way ANOVA test, it was found that there was a significant effect of multi-dose sungkai leaf extract on the infiltration of lung inflammatory cells (p value 0.00), the number of polymorphonucleates (p value 0.00) and the number of macrophages (p value 0.00). The conclusion in this study was that the administration of multi-dose sungkai leaf extract had an anti-inflammatory effect which was reflected in the number of histopathological inflammatory cell infiltrates, the number of polymorphonuclear cells, and macrophages. Keywords: Sungkai Leaf; Pulmonary Histopathology; PMN cells; macrophages; Experimental Animals;