Exploring Acute Changes in Hamstring EMG after Warm-up and Stretching Using a Multifractal Analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction This study aimed to apply multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) to surface EMG to detect neuromuscular changes after realistic warm-up procedures that was followed by various stretching exercises. Methods Sixteen volunteers conducted two experimental sessions. Testing included two maximal voluntary contractions before, after a standardized warm-up, and after a stretching exercise (static or neurodynamic nerve gliding technique). EMG was registered on biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles. EMG was analyzed using different parameters obtained from the singularity Hurst exponent function and multifractal power spectrum (both obtained from the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis). Results The Hurst exponent, α maximum, and peak value of the multifractal spectrum significantly decreased after warm-up as compared with baseline for both biceps femoris (P = 0.003, P = 0.006, and P = 0.003, respectively) and semitendinosus (P = 0.006, P = 0.013 and P = 0.01, respectively) muscles. No further alteration was obtained after static or neurodynamic nerve gliding stretching as compared with post-warm-up (P = 1.0). No significant difference was obtained for Hurst exponent range, width, and asymmetry of the multifractal spectrum (P > 0.05). Conclusions From the present results, EMG depicted multifractal features sensitive to detect neuromuscular changes after a warm-up procedure. An increase in multiscale complexity is revealed after warm-up without any further alteration after stretching. The multifractal spectrum depicted dominant small fluctuations that shifted toward slightly larger fluctuations that could be attributed to motor unit recruitment.