Exercise Training Benefits Health-Related Quality of Life and Functional Capacity during Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: An RCT

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose To examine the effectiveness of a supervised exercise training program (SETP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional capacity in women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy. Methods Ninety-three women with early-stage BC were randomly allocated to a SETP plus usual care (Exercise, n = 47) or usual care alone (UC, n = 46). The SETP included 3 sessions per week, combining aerobic and resistance training, conducted concurrently over the chemotherapy. The EORTC Cancer Quality-of-Life-Questionnaire-Core-30 (QLQ-C30) and the BC-specific module (QLQ-BR23) were used to assess HRQoL. Functional capacity was analyzed by maximum voluntary handgrip strength (MVHS) and by the 30-second chair sit-to-stand test (30-s CST). These endpoints were assessed at baseline (t0); middle (t1; after 8 or 12 weeks of t0); and at the end of chemotherapy (t2; after 20 weeks of t0). Mean changes from baseline were assessed by an intention-to-treat approach. Results Mixed linear model analyses showed that Exercise group experienced less deterioration in several domains of QLQ-C30 at t2, including in global health status/QoL (Δ = 9.39 units; p = 0.034), QLQ-C30 summary score (Δ = 8.08 units; p < 0.001), physical (Δ = 15.14 units; p < 0.001), role (Δ = 21.81 units; p < 0.001), cognitive (Δ = 9.16 units; p = 0.032) and social functioning (Δ = 11.67 units; p = 0.038), compared to the UC group. Similarly, Exercise group exhibited significant lower levels of fatigue (Δ = -20.19 units; p < 0.001) and appetite loss (Δ = -13.69 units; p = 0.034), compared to the UC group. Significant between-group differences were observed on MVHS of the tumor/surgery upper limb side (Δ = 2.64 kg; p < 0.001) and contralateral limb (Δ = 2.22 kg; p < 0.001), and on the 30-s CST score (Δ = 3.56repetitions; p < 0.001), favoring the Exercise group. No differences were observed on QLQ-BR23 domains. Conclusions Exercise training was an effective complementary therapy to prevent the deterioration of HRQoL and functional capacity during chemotherapy in women with early-stage BC.