Analysis of the implementation of the cluster approach in the Russian economy in modern conditions

Abstract

The Russian economy is currently under significant pressure from various challenges that determine the need for an appropriate response, the basis of which is the intensification of innovative development, primarily in priority sectors. The effectiveness of innovation processes is largely determined by the existing infrastructure that provides the necessary traffic of innovative ideas at all stages from generation to implementation to end users. In this regard, the urgency of creating the necessary structural solutions that ensure the interaction of participants in innovation processes, among which the cluster is one of the priorities, is increasing. Domestic practice shows that active state support for the creation and functioning of clusters is not proportional to the achieved result, which determines the need to identify existing "bottlenecks" in the implementation of the cluster approach in Russia, leveling the efforts made, and identification of possible solutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends and specifics of the cluster approach implemented in the Russian economy, and to identify the most important directions of its development, taking into account existing needs. Based on the data analysis, the dynamics and structure of clusters created in our country are determined, including in the context of regional differentiation, specific features of clusters functioning on the territory of our state are identified. Based on practical cases, the necessity of transformation of the cluster approach is justified, characterized by a shift in emphasis from the territorial aspect to the sectoral one. Thus, the scientific novelty of the presented research is the confirmation of the existing readiness and need for the development of the cluster approach implemented in Russian practice, and the shift of focus towards the sectoral aspect, in connection with which the role of the so-called national clusters is justified and their classification into sectoral and intersectoral clusters is proposed, which will contribute to achieving higher and faster results of innovative development of the Russian economy