Optical Biopsy of Amelanotic Melanoma with Raman and Autofluorescence Spectra Stimulated by 785 nm Laser Excitation

Abstract

In this work, Raman and autofluorescence spectroscopy in the near-infrared region has been used for examining amelanotic melanoma as the most dangerous type of malignant melanoma. There were 9 patients with amelanotic melanoma, 60 with pigmented melanoma and 120 with basal cell carcinoma enrolled in this study. We studied 9 amelanotic melanoma cases to differentiate them from basal cell carcinoma (n = 120) and pigmented malignant melanoma (n = 60) using portable spectroscopy setup with laser excitation source at 785 nm and low-cost spectrometer. The spectra of the different tumor type were classified using projection on the latent structure analysis with 10-Fold cross-validation. The results of the tumor classification were presented using box-plot diagrams and ROC analysis. We obtained 0.53 and 0.88 ROC AUCs for distinguishing amelanotic melanoma versus (1) pigmented melanoma and (2) basal cell carcinoma respectively based on the joint autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopy analysis that allowed one to diagnose amelanotic melanoma as true melanoma but no basal cell carcinoma.