1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change; Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100093 China
2. Ecology & Biodiversity Group; Institute of Environmental Biology; Utrecht University; Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht the Netherlands
3. Section of Ecology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; 20014 Turku Finland
4. School of Nature Conservation; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
5. College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
6. Aronia Coastal Zone Research Team; Åbo Akademi University; Raseborgsvägen 9 10600 Ekenäs Finland
7. Forest Ecology and Forest Management group; Department of Environmental Sciences; Wageningen University; PO Box 47; 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands