Occlusal splint and combined multiwave locked system laser therapy demonstrated differential patient‐reported outcomes and clinical parameters: A randomized controlled trial in patients with temporomandibular disorder

Abstract

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of occlusal splint plus laser therapy (OS + LT) compared with OS alone on the patient‐reported outcomes and clinical parameters of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).MethodsTwenty‐three patients with TMDs were randomly assigned to two treatment approaches: OS and OS + LT (multiwave locked system). The two outcomes were clinical parameters (mouth‐opening distances, number of muscles and TMJs with pain) and patient‐reported outcomes (pain score and oral health‐related quality of life [OHRQoL] determined using the 14‐item oral health impact profile [OHIP‐14]). The outcomes were measured at four time points: baseline, 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months after treatment. According to DC/TMD Axis I classification, the participants were diagnosed as having pain only and pain with intraarticular joint disorder. Adjusting for age and sex, the outcome changes were analysed using generalized estimating models at a 5% significance level.ResultsThe pain‐free mouth‐opening distance of the patients who received OS + LT continuously increased from 2 weeks to 3 months. However, the value was significantly increased at 3 months in patients who received OS alone. The unassisted mouth‐opening distance significantly increased after 3 months in both groups. In both treatment approaches, the number of muscles and TMJs with pain, as well as the pain and OHIP‐14 scores gradually decreased from baseline to 3 months.ConclusionsThe patients who received OS and OS + LT demonstrated better OHRQoL and clinical parameters during 3 months after treatment. An improvement in the pain‐free mouth‐opening distance at 2 weeks was found only in OS plus LT group; however, this difference may not be clinically significant.