Fabrication and characterization of TiO2‐hydroxyapatite composite‐loaded Polysulfone membranes with integrated biocompatibility for dialysis application

Author:

Zaman Shafiq Uz1ORCID,Mehdi Muhammad Shozab1ORCID,Khan Khurram Imran1,Arshad Amber2,Rafiq Sikander34,Sharif Faiza5,Umar Muhammad1,Hezb Ullah 1,ur Rehman Saif6ORCID,Wajeeh Salman7,Muzamal Sheeza8,Arshad Abdullah1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

2. Department of Community Medicine Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore Pakistan

3. Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus Lahore Pakistan

4. Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus Lahore Pakistan

5. Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan

6. Department of Chemical Engineering, ProcESS‐Process Engineering for Sustainable System KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

7. Department of Chemistry University of Gujrat Punjab Pakistan

8. Department of Physics University of Sialkot Sialkot Punjab Pakistan

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe use of Polysulfone (PSf) as membrane material for dialysis therapy is becoming more common. However, the PSf membrane can cause the adsorption of blood proteins followed by the adhesion of platelets, destruction of red blood cells, and thrombus formation. One of the biggest challenges in creating membranes for hemodialysis (HD) applications is ensuring biocompatibility. Therefore, to maintain the biocompatibility of PSf membranes, further modifications are necessary.MethodsIn this study, the performance and biocompatibility of PSf membranes were improved by the impregnation of TiO2‐hydroxyapatite composite as an additive. The TiO2‐hydroxyapatite composite was first synthesized via sintering at 1200°C, and then a dope solution composed of pristine PSf polymer solution in N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solvent (NMP) and different wt% ratios of the synthesized composite were prepared, and resultant membranes were fabricated using a film applicator via a phase inversion scheme using water as a non‐solvent exchange medium. The synthesized composite was characterized using SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques.ResultsThe FTIR analysis confirmed the weak interaction of PSf polymer with the hydroxyapatite moiety of the composite. The interaction of the synthesized composite within the membrane matrix was evaluated via leaching ratio results. The hydrophilicity, pore profile, and pure water permeation flux rates were also determined. The results of the biocompatibility study showed that membranes based on TiO2‐hydroxyapatite composite had reduced adsorption of BSA protein by 34.41% as well as less than 5% hemolysis ratio. Additionally, the study displayed thrombus formation ranging from 2.08% to 8.69%, respectively. The dialysis results indicated that compared with the original PSf membrane, the TiO2‐hydroxyapatite composite showed high clearance rates for urea (73.81%) and creatinine (72.13%) solutes, respectively.ConclusionTherefore, blending TiO2‐hydroxyapatite composite in the PSf membrane significantly improved the biocompatibility and removal ability of uremic solutes.

Publisher

Wiley

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