1. Department of Economic Policy and Economic Activity in the Arctic and the Far North G.P. Luzin Institute for Economic Studies of the Kola Science Centre of the RAS 24A, Fersman Street Apatity 184209 Russia
2. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) 1, Schlossplatz Laxenburg A‐2361 Austria
3. Department of Economics, Organization and Management Saint Petersburg Mining University 2, 21st Line St Petersburg 199106 Russia