1. Noel Carroll, "Identifying Art," inInstitutions of Art: Reconsiderations of George Dickie's Philosophy, ed. Robert J. Yanal (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994), p. 15.
2. E. J. Bond, "The Essential Nature of Art,"American Philosophical Quarterly12 (1975): 177-183; published in response to Morris Weitz, this is a pioneering article. Richard L. Anderson,Art in Primitive Societies(Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1979) andCalliope's Sisters: A Comparative Study of Philosophies of Art(Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1990); while these books do not present an explicit list, they bring together most of the items included here. Julius Moravcsik, "Why Philosophy of Art in a Cross-Cultural Perspective?"The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism51 (1993): 425-436. H. Gene Blocker,The Aesthetics of Primitive Art(Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1994). Berys Gaut, "'Art' as a Cluster Concept," inTheories of Art Today, ed. Noel Carroll (University of Wisconsin Press, 2000), pp. 25-44.
3. Denis Dutton, "But They Don't Have Our Concept of Art," inTheories of Art Today, ed. Noel Carroll (University of Wisconsin Press, 2000), pp. 217-240; "Aesthetic Universals," inThe Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, ed. Berys Gaut and Dominic McIver Lopes (London: Routledge, 2001), pp. 203-214. These two somewhat different lists of characteristic criteria for art across cultures differ somewhat from my present list, which is now explicitly refined to include onlyrecognition criteriafor art.
4. David Novitz, "Art by Another Name,"The British Journal of Aesthetics38 (1998): 19-32.
5. Ellen Dissanayake,What Is Art For?(University of Washington Press, 1988) andHomo Aestheticus(New York: Free Press, 1992).