Initial dissolution kinetics of cocrystal of carbamazepine with nicotinamide

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Objectives of this study are investigating the initial dissolution kinetics of the cocrystal of carbamazepine (CBZ) with nicotinamide (NIC) and understanding its initial dissolution process. Methods Cocrystal solids of CBZ with NIC were prepared by co-milling and solvent evaporation methods. The formation of cocrystal solid was verified via X-ray diffraction measurement. Dissolution tests of the solids were performed using an original flow cell and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic detector. The spectra monitored in situ were analyzed to determine the dissolved compounds separately using the classical least squares regression method. The initial dissolution profiles were interpreted using simultaneous model of dissolution and phase changes. Key findings In the initial dissolution, CBZ in the cocrystal structure dissolved in water and it was suggested that CBZ reached a metastable intermediate state simultaneously with dissolution. The cocrystal solid prepared by solvent evaporation provided a higher rate constant of the phase change than that prepared by co-milling. Our results thus support the use of evaporation as the method of choice to produce ordered cocrystal structures. Conclusion We suggest that CBZ forms dihydrate during the dissolution process; however, during the initial phase of dissolution, CBZ changes to a metastable intermediate phase.