Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic effects of tramadol following intravenous administration to the horse

Author:

Knych H. K.,Corado C. R.1,Mckemie D. S.1,Steffey E. P.1

Affiliation:

1. K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; USA

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Medicine

Reference13 articles.

1. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous and extradural tramadol in dogs;Vettorato;Vet. J.,2008

2. Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic;Raffa;J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,1992

3. Kogel , B. Englberger , W. Hennies , H.H. Friderichs , E. 1999 Involvement of metabolites in the analgesic action of tramadol Proceedings of the 9th World Congress of Pain 523

4. Determination of oral tramadol pharmacokinetics in horses;Cox;Res. Vet. Sci.,2010

5. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites O-desmethyltramadol and N-desmethyltramadol in adult horses;Stewart;Am. J. Vet. Res.,2011

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