Genetic differentiation between two subspecies of Emberiza schoeniclus and open forest bunting's evolution inferred from mitogenomes

Author:

Alambiaga Iván1ORCID,González Roberto2,Vera Pablo3,Monrós Juan S.1ORCID,Palero Ferran14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Cavanilles Inst. of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Valencia Paterna Spain

2. Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) Madrid Spain

3. Servicio de Conservación de Ambientes Acuáticos, SAV/Servicio Devesa‐Albufera, Ajuntament de València València Spain

4. Dept of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London England

Abstract

The reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus (Linnaeus 1758), is the only member of the genus adapted to Mediterranean wetlands, where some subspecies are critically endangered. The first complete mitogenome of the eastern Iberian reed bunting (E. s. witherbyi) is presented here and compared with an unpublished mitogenome obtained in northeast Asia (most likely E. s. pyrrhulina). Genetic distance analyses are consistent with the new reed bunting data corresponding to two distinct lineages of E. schoeniclus. A new fossil‐calibrated phylogeny suggests that open forest buntings have suffered two rapid speciation events from Late Miocene to Pleistocene, that seem to be correlated with major climatic changes and habitat shifts. Adaptation to a new ecological niche (i.e. wetlands) could have favoured the reed bunting expansion across the Palearctic. The high intraspecific variation observed today could result from the establishment of resident populations within small areas, potentially acting as a climatic refuge.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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