Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in sera from patients with propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis might recognize restricted epitopes on myeloperoxidase molecule

Abstract

SUMMARY Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the major target antigens of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in primary systemic vasculitis. It is known that propylthiouracil (PTU) could induce MPO–ANCA-positive vasculitis. The production of anti-MPO antibodies in patients with PTU-induced vasculitis may be different from that in patients with primary microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). One possible reason for this may be differences in epitope recognition. The aim of this study is to compare the epitopes of antibodies to MPO in sera from patients with PTU-induced vasculitis (n = 10) and MPA (n = 10). The sera were collected and used to inhibit monoclonal antibodies against human MPO (3D8 and 6B9) and affinity purified, horseradish peroxidase conjugated human anti-MPO antibodies (Pab1-HRP, Pab2-HRP) in a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system using soluble human MPO as solid phase ligand. The Pab1-HRP and Pab2-HRP were affinity purified from plasma exchanges of a patient with PTU-induced vasculitis and a patient with MPA, respectively. The inhibition rates were evaluated and compared between the PTU and primary MPA groups. In the PTU group all 10 sera could inhibit 3D8: the average inhibition rate was 44.7% ± 5.0%; 9/10 sera could inhibit 6B9: the average inhibition rate was 35.6% ± 6.0%. However, in the MPA group all 10 sera could inhibit 3D8 and 6B9; the average inhibition rates were 68.4% ± 16.1% (P < 0.01) and 62.2% ± 17.2% (P < 0.01), respectively. Sera in both the PTU and MPA groups could inhibit Pab1-HRP and the inhibition rates were 81.4% ± 9.4%versus 86.6% ± 17.2% (P > 0.05). However, the average inhibition rate for Pab2-HRP in the MPA group was significantly higher than that in the PTU group (76.3% ± 7.8%versus 58.9% ± 15.5%, P < 0.01). We conclude that anti-MPO antibodies from patients with PTU-induced vasculitis and from patients with primary MPA could recognize more than one epitope on the native MPO molecule. Although the epitopes overlapped between the two groups, the epitopes of anti-MPO antibodies from patients with PTU-induced vasculitis might be more restricted.