HCV infection in patients with primary defects of immunoglobulin production

Abstract

SUMMARY We tested for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 58 patients affected by humoral immunodeficiencies: 43 common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), two hyper IgM syndrome (HIM), two IgG subclass deficiency, four ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), and seven X-linked agamma-globulinaemia (XLA). While the assessment of serum specific HCV antibodies in some of these patients was not informative because of the impairment in specific antibody production, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay used to detect serum HCV RNA was a useful method for diagnosing infection. We found that 38% of late onset hypogamma-globulinaemic patients (CVI, HIM or IgG subclass deficiency) had evidence of HCV infection. HCV infection was not detectable in patients with XLA or AT. The majority of our pa hems had persistent viraemia. and those who underwent liver biopsy showed histological findings of chronic hepatitis. Moreover, we could demonstrate in vitro that eight of 18 HCV-infected patients were actively producing anti-HCV antibodies, despite their impaired antibody production. The high rate of HCV infection in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients could be related to several nosoeomial routes of transmission, including intravenous immune globulin administration. Despite the persistent viremia only two patients had cirrhosis and none had hepatocarcinoma.