Translational Mini-Review Series on Th17 Cells: Function and regulation of human T helper 17 cells in health and disease

Abstract

Abstract OTHER ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THIS MINI-REVIEW SERIES ON Th17 CELLS
Induction of interleukin-17 production by regulatory T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04038.x
Are T helper 17 cells really pathogenic in autoimmunity? Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04039.x
CD4+ T helper cells: functional plasticity and differential sensitivity to regulatory T cell-mediated regulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04040.x
Development of mouse and human T helper 17 cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04041.x Summary T helper (Th) cell have a central role in modulating immune responses. While Th1 and Th2 cells have long been known to regulate cellular and humoral immunity, Th17 cells have been identified only recently as a Th lineage that regulates inflammation via production of distinct cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17. There is growing evidence that Th17 cells are pathological in many human diseases, leading to intense interest in defining their origins, functions and developing strategies to block their pathological effects. The cytokines that regulate Th17 differentiation have been the focus of much debate, due primarily to inconsistent findings from studies in humans. Evidence from human disease suggests that their in vivo development is driven by specialized antigen-presenting cells. Knowledge of how Th17 cells interact with other immune cells is limited, but recent data suggest that Th17 cells may not be subject to strict cellular regulation by T regulatory cells. Notably, Th17 cells and T regulatory cells appear to share common developmental pathways and both cell types retain significant plasticity. Herein, we will discuss the molecular and cellular regulation of Th17 cells with an emphasis on studies in humans.