Sensory attributes of fine flavor cocoa beans and chocolate: A systematic literature review

Abstract

AbstractFine flavor cocoa (FFC) is known for its unique flavor and aroma characteristics, which vary by region. However, a comprehensive overview of the common sensory attributes used to describe FFC beans and chocolate is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to analyze existing literature and identify the most commonly used sensory attributes to describe FFC beans and chocolate. A systematic search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases was conducted in May 2023, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure transparency and reproducibility. This review summarizes the origins of cocoa and explores their unique flavor profiles, encompassing caramel, fruity, floral, malty, nutty, and spicy notes. Although some origins may exhibit similar unique flavors, they are often described using more specific terms. Another main finding is that although differences in sensory attributes are anticipated at each production stage, discrepancies also arise between liquor and chocolate. Interestingly, fine chocolate as the final product does not consistently retain the distinctive flavors found in the liquor. These findings emphasize the need for precise descriptors in sensory evaluation to capture flavor profiles of each origin. As such, the exploration of attributes from bean to bar holds the potential to empower FFC farmers and chocolate producers to effectively maintain quality control.