Affiliation:
1. Division of Medicine Forrest General Hospital Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
2. Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
3. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
4. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology University of San Francisco San Francisco California USA
5. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USA
6. Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Houston Texas USA
7. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Loma Linda Medical Center Loma Linda California USA
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionAlthough lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with worse in‐hospital outcomes among patients with heart failure, the in‐hospital outcomes for patients undergoing durable Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) implantation or Heart Transplantation (HT) based on SES have not been well characterized.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample of hospitalizations between January 2016 and December 2020 of patients aged 18 and over who underwent a HT or newly implanted LVAD. Quartile classification of the median household income of the patient's residential zip code was used to estimate SES. Multivariable analyses with logistic and linear regression were used to evaluate the effects of SES on inpatient outcomes including inpatient mortality, length of stay, and key inpatient complications.ResultsA total of 16,265 weighted hospitalizations for new LVAD implantation and 14,320 weighted hospitalizations for HT were identified. In multivariable analysis, among patients undergoing HT or LVAD implantation respectively, there were no significant differences between the lowest and highest SES quartiles among important in‐hospital outcomes including length of stay (adj B‐coeff .56, (−3.59)–(4.71), p = .79 and adj B‐coeff 2.40, (−.21)–(5.02), p = .07) and mortality (aOR 1.02, .61–1.70, p = .94 and aOR 1.08, .72–1.62, p = .73). There were also no differences based on SES quartile in important inpatient complications including stroke and cardiac arrest.ConclusionIn this analysis from the National Inpatient Sample, we demonstrate that SES, evaluated by median zip code income, was not associated with important in‐hospital metrics including mortality and length of stay among patients undergoing LVAD or HT.
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