1. Department of Family Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
2. Center for Tobacco Treatment and Management Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
3. School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
4. Department of Post‐Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
5. Department of Epidemiology of Aging National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
6. Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences AIchi Japan
7. Department of Family Medicine Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taichung Taiwan
8. Institute of Population Sciences, National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County Taiwan
9. College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung Taiwan
10. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
11. National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan