An analysis of iris pattern as a risk factor for skin cancer development in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionRenal transplant recipients are at increased risk of keratinocyte skin cancers with a tendency to have multiple, aggressive and difficult to treat tumours. The eye and the skin share the same embryological ectoderm. Iris pattern has recently been reported as a predictive risk factor for skin cancer in non‐immunosuppressed Southern European (Grigore et al., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018, 1662) and Irish populations (Ridge et al., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2022, e542).AimsTo analyse if an individual's iris pattern is an independent risk factor for the development of keratinocyte skin cancers in renal transplant recipients.MethodsIris patterns of 110 renal transplant recipients were evaluated using the Simionescu visual three‐step technique (iris periphery, colarette and iris freckling [Simionescu et al., Ann Res Rev Biol, 2014, 2525]). Established risk factors for skin cancer in transplant patients were recorded as confounding factors.ResultsObservational cross‐sectional study including 110 renal transplant population. Thirty‐one participants had skin cancer. In the skin cancer group, iris periphery was blue/grey in 74.3% (p = 0.053, OR 2.5), the colarette was light brown in 57.1% (p < 0.0043) and iris freckles were present in 55%(p = 0.044). Dark brown and blue colarettes were observed in controls. Binary Logistic Regression analysis showed light brown colarette is a significant independent risk factor for skin cancer (OR 4.54, p < 0.02, CI 1.56–10.57).ConclusionWithin this renal transplant population a blue iris periphery, light brown colarette and presence of freckling confers an independent risk for keratinocyte skin cancer. Iris pattern is a useful tool for identification of transplant patients at risk of keratinocyte skin cancer and an easy‐to‐use technique for risk evaluation in this cohort. This is the first study looking at iris pattern and keratinocyte skin cancer risk in renal transplant population.