1. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
2. Grantham Institute for Climate Change, and Division of Biology, Imperial College, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
3. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
4. Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403‐1251, USA